10 March 2014

# 90 Accommodation - focusing on objects far and near


The amount of focusing needed by the lens depends on the distance of the object being viewed – light from near objects requires a more convex lens than light from a distant objects. 







The shape of the lens needed to accommodate the image is controlled by the ciliary body - this contains a ring of muscle around the lens. 

Distance objects 

The ciliary muscles relax, giving them a larger diameter. This pulls on the suspensory ligaments which, in turn, pull on the lens. This makes the lens thinner (less convex). As the ciliary muscles are relaxed, there is no strain on the eye. 

Near objects

The ciliary muscles contract, giving them a smaller diameter. This removes the tenssion on the suspensory ligaments which , in turn, stop pulling on the lens. The lens becomes thicker (more convex). As the ciliary muscles are contracted, there is strain on the eye, which can cause a headache if a near object (book, microscope, computer screen etc. ) is viewed for too long. 









Mnemonic CCC

Ciliary muscles Contracts for 
Close vision





Pupil reflex

The reflex changes the size of the pupil to control the amount of light entering the eye. In bright light, pupil size is reduced as too much light falling on the retina could damage it. In dim light, pupil size is increased to allow as much light as possible to enter the eye. 



The retina detects the brightness of light entering the eye. An impulse passes to the brain along sensory neurones and travels back to the muscles of the iris along motor neurones, triggering a response - the change in size of the pupil due to contraction of radial or circular muscles. 

Video: BBC Eye pupil reflex




Common misconceptions

Students often confuse circular muscles and ciliary mucles. Remember that circular muscles affect the size of the irisciliary muscles affect the shape of the lens

Try this 

Describe and explain how the eye changes its focus from a distant object to a near object. 

Answer

- ciliary muscle contract
- the suspensory ligaments become relaxed
- so tension is removed from the lens
- the lens becomes more convex
- so light is focused more strongly. 


Video: Human eye structure, accomodation






4 comments:

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  2. I have IGCSE's in a month and I couldn't have a asked for better notes so thank you so much

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  3. amazing really helps as im in year 9 and have to take me igcse exam in 5 months

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  4. Thanks a lot. these notes are really concise and east to understand. thanks for your efforts respected sir/maam

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