Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014 & 2024

 (0654) Coordinated Sciences 2023/2024 Subheadings and Key concepts the Circulatory system the heart coronary heart disease (CHD) invest...

Mammals have a double circulatory system, in which blood is moved through vessels by the regular contraction and relaxation of cardiac m...

Credit: Adam The lymphatic system is a collection of lymph vessels and glands . It has 3 main roles: Fluid balance : return ...

The immune system is the body's defence against disease and foreign bodies, under the form of antibody production , tissue rejectio...

When an injury causes a blood vessel wall to break, platelets are  activated . They change shape from round to   spiny , stick to th...

Blood consists of cells floating in plasma.  Most of the cells are  red blood cells .  A much smaller number are  white blood cells . ...

If blood is allowed to stand without clotting, it separates out into 4 components: plasma , red blood cells,  white blood cells and ...

There are 3 main kinds of blood vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries.  Arteries carry blood away from the heart. They divide ...

A heartbeat is a contraction. Each contraction squeezes blood to the lungs and body. The heart beats about  70 times  a minute, more i...

The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body. The right side pumps blood to the lungs and the left side pumps blood...

The main transport system of human is the  circulatory system , a system of tubes ( blood vessels ) with a pump (the heart ) and valves ...