Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014 & 2024

 (0654) Coordinated Sciences 2023/2024 Subheadings and Key concepts enzyme, substrate, active site, enzyme-substrate complex, products fa...

Many chemical reactions in living things are helped along by enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts . A catalys...

Enzymes are specialized protein molecules facilitating most of the body’s metabolic processes – such as, supplying energy, digesting foo...

Three colonies of a Penicillium mold growing on an agar medium.  Antibiotics are substances which kill  bacteria  without harming human...

We obatain many enzymes from microorganisms . The enzymes that are used in industry are usually obtained from microorganisms.  These inclu...

Enzymes are an integral component of modern fruit juice manufacturing and are highly suitable for optimising processes. Fruit juices are...

Biological washing powders contain protease  and  lipase  to remove  protein  stains and  fat /grease from clothes. The enzymes break down...

Seeds contain   stored food   in the cotyledons to provide energy and materials for growth. This is usually in the form of   starch   – a ...

Enzymes are very  specific, each kind of enzyme catalyse one kind of reaction only.  To catalyse a reaction, enzyme molecule and ...

Many chemical reactions can be speeded up by substances called catalysts. Within living organisms, these reactions (metabolic reaction...