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text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s1600\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s1600\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg\" height=\"168\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EIn term of conversations of energy, there is an increased efficiency in supplying green plants\u0026nbsp; as human food and a relative inefficiency in feeding crop plants\u0026nbsp; to animals.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EShort food chains are more efficient than long ones in providing energy to the top consumer. Below are two food chains and energy values for each level in them. Both food chains have a human being as the top consumer.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; maize \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E cow \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E human \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eunit of energy \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;100 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 10\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;maize \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E human \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eunit of energy \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;100\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 10\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETen times more energy is available to the human in the second food chain than in the first. In the second food chain, the human is a herbivore (vegetarian). But eating parts of a cow provide humans with other nutrients, as well as those we gain energy from – it would be very difficult to persuade everyone to become vegetarian for the sake of energy efficiency.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-WveKiEzA8CA\/Uyl2fhsRdXI\/AAAAAAAADAE\/efh5xi9-1DU\/s1600\/food+chain+energy.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-WveKiEzA8CA\/Uyl2fhsRdXI\/AAAAAAAADAE\/efh5xi9-1DU\/s1600\/food+chain+energy.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ESome farmers try to maximize meat production by reducing movement of their animals (keeping them in pens or cages with a food supply) and keeping them warm in winter. This means less stored energy is wasted by the animals.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EWhy food chains\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;usually have fewer than 5 trophic levels?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EAs the energy is passed along the chain, each organism uses some of it. So the further along the chain you go, the less energy there is. The loose of energy along the food chain limits the length of it. There rarely more than 5 links in a chain, because there is not enough energy left to supply the next link. Many food chains only have 3 links.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/9052927354876526401\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/110-food-chain-and-energy-efficiency.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/9052927354876526401"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/9052927354876526401"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/110-food-chain-and-energy-efficiency.html","title":"#142 Food chain and energy efficiency "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s72-c\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-517280893182584544"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:30:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:34:15.488+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#141 Food pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s1600\/food+pyramid.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s1600\/food+pyramid.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Efood pyramid\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E shows the relative sizes of different components at the various trophic levels of a food chain. There are three types of ecological pyramid we use: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Enumbers\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ebiomass\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIn a food pyramid, each trophic level in a food chain is represented by a horizontal bar, with the width of the bar representing the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Enumber\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E of organisms, the amount of \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Ebiomass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E or the amount of \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #274e13;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E available at that level. The base of the pyramid represents the producer; the second level is the primary consumer; and so non.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E1. Pyramids of numbers \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA pyramid of numbers shows the \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Erelative number of organisms \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eat each stage of a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EExample 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eclover \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E snail \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E thrush \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E hawk\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EClover is a plant and it is the producer in this food chain. Its bar goes at the bottom of the pyramid:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-M-OLXxws82I\/UyljCi2eHqI\/AAAAAAAAC_E\/puf3Vht8dNo\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-M-OLXxws82I\/UyljCi2eHqI\/AAAAAAAAC_E\/puf3Vht8dNo\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EEnergy is lost to the surroundings as we go from one level to the next, so there are fewer organisms at each level in this food chain. A lot of clover is needed to support the snail population. A thrush eats lots of snails, and a hawk eats lots of thrushes, so the population of hawks is very small.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003EOther pyramid shapes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESometimes the pyramid of numbers doesn't look like a pyramid at all. This could happen if the producer is a large plant such as a tree, or if one of the animals is very small. Remember, though, that whatever the situation, the producer still goes at the bottom of the pyramid.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EHere are two examples like this:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExample 2: \u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EOak tree\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EInsects \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EWoodpecker\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-G-cnnwo75nk\/UylkT-zxr8I\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/CbFGMNpVRR4\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers+1.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-G-cnnwo75nk\/UylkT-zxr8I\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/CbFGMNpVRR4\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers+1.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAn oak tree is very large so many insects can feed on it.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; widows: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EExample 3:\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EGrass \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→ \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003ERabbit \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFlea\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-S4u_3mb-G_g\/UylkbiERTJI\/AAAAAAAAC_Y\/85hftMaBvNU\/s1600\/pyramid+numbers+2.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-S4u_3mb-G_g\/UylkbiERTJI\/AAAAAAAAC_Y\/85hftMaBvNU\/s1600\/pyramid+numbers+2.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003EFleas are very small and lots of them can feed on a rabbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0px; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2. Pyramids of biomass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESometimes a pyramid of numbers is not the best way to represent a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EIn this case a pyramid of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ebiomass\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E(the dry mass\u0026nbsp;of an organism) is a better diagram to use. It\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eshows the\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E total mass of organisms \u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eat each stage of a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIn general, all producers have a higher biomass than the primary consumer, so a pyramid will always be produced.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe total energy (and biomass) present at a lower tier of the pyramid, must be greater than the higher tiers in order to support the energy requirements of the subsequent organisms.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-zzCv3pWvvCM\/UylbJO_ZxDI\/AAAAAAAAC-c\/aZ9fRjUbd8Q\/s1600\/pyramids+of+numbers,+biomass.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-zzCv3pWvvCM\/UylbJO_ZxDI\/AAAAAAAAC-c\/aZ9fRjUbd8Q\/s1600\/pyramids+of+numbers,+biomass.jpg\" height=\"520\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E3. Pyramids of energy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EPyramid of energy shows \u003Ci\u003Eamount of\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E energy \u003C\/b\u003Etrapped per unit\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E time \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E area\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eat each\u003Cb style=\"color: #bf9000; font-style: italic;\"\u003E stage \u003C\/b\u003Eof a \u003Cb style=\"color: #bf9000; font-style: italic;\"\u003Efood chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-j4WQijd8qOM\/UyliDGgpIQI\/AAAAAAAAC-4\/chrLFjYnSG8\/s1600\/Energy+Pyramid.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-j4WQijd8qOM\/UyliDGgpIQI\/AAAAAAAAC-4\/chrLFjYnSG8\/s1600\/Energy+Pyramid.gif\" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA normal-shaped pyramid is always produced because there is a reduced amount of energy at each successive level.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E* Most of information in this post is taken from\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/most%20of%20information%20in%20this%20post%20is%20taken%20from%20bbc%20bitesize\/\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EBBCBitesize\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/517280893182584544\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/109-food-pyramids-of-numbers-biomass.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/517280893182584544"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/517280893182584544"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/109-food-pyramids-of-numbers-biomass.html","title":"#141 Food pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s72-c\/food+pyramid.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-8505164215411306225"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:29:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:33:49.739+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"# 140 Food web"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s1600\/food+web+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s1600\/food+web+3.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003EFood web\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eis a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThese are a more accurate way of showing feeding relationships than food chains, because most animals have more than one food source. For example, in the food webs in figure below, the leopard feeds on baboons and impala.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-7kmbkLBa0rg\/Uyke1oODosI\/AAAAAAAAC8c\/ysS1cCpZQwE\/s1600\/food+web+1.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-7kmbkLBa0rg\/Uyke1oODosI\/AAAAAAAAC8c\/ysS1cCpZQwE\/s1600\/food+web+1.png\" height=\"327\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe leopard can be placed at 2 different trophic levels:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Esecondary consumer (feeding on imlala)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Equaternary or fourth level consumer (feeding on baboons).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-aAPA8Rwut_k\/UygGUKoK14I\/AAAAAAAAC7U\/Pq7ok8NNxeU\/s1600\/food+web.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-aAPA8Rwut_k\/UygGUKoK14I\/AAAAAAAAC7U\/Pq7ok8NNxeU\/s1600\/food+web.jpg\" height=\"360\" style=\"cursor: move;\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"font-size: 12.666666984558105px; padding-top: 4px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAnother example of food web.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFood webs are easily\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eunbalanced\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, especially if one population of organisms in the web dies or disappears. This may happen for a number of reasons, including:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eover–predation or hunting\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Edisease\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Epollution\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Euse of pesticides\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Elack of food (or other resources)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eemigration.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFor example, in the food web here, if all the baboons were killed by hunters the leopard would have only impala to eat. So the impala population would decrease. The scorpion population may increase because of less predation by baboons, but if there are more scorpions they will eat more locusts, reducing the locust population, and so on.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETry this\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFigure below shows a food web:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-OES8KG8-ZKQ\/UylwsK_M2YI\/AAAAAAAAC_0\/wk49vERrrLk\/s1600\/try+this+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-OES8KG8-ZKQ\/UylwsK_M2YI\/AAAAAAAAC_0\/wk49vERrrLk\/s1600\/try+this+3.jpg\" height=\"275\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. Select appropriate organisms form the food web to complete each column in the table below. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [4 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\"\u003E \u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EConsumer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EProducer   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ECarnivore   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EHerbivore   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOrganism 1\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOrganism 2\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. Ladybirds eat aphids. A very large number of ladybirds arrive in the habita where these organisms live. Predict some of the possible effects this could have on the organisms in the above food web. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[6 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAnswer \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ea)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-XDn1zmQDHJc\/Uym2ACLgMCI\/AAAAAAAADAg\/LnvMA2qnMPY\/s1600\/try+this+5.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-XDn1zmQDHJc\/Uym2ACLgMCI\/AAAAAAAADAg\/LnvMA2qnMPY\/s1600\/try+this+5.png\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eb)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;6 suggestion such as:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in aphids because ladybirds eat aphids\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in ivy because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in wrens because there are fewer aphids to eat\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in caterpillars because the wrens now have only caterpillars for food\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in oak trees because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in hogweed because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in goldfinches because there is more hogweed to eat.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EThere are other possible suggestions.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8505164215411306225\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/108-food-web.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/8505164215411306225"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/8505164215411306225"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/108-food-web.html","title":"# 140 Food web"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s72-c\/food+web+3.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-4322543520162728138"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:28:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2015-11-14T12:59:57.964+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#139 Food chain"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s1600\/food+chain+1.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"154\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s1600\/food+chain+1.png\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ECredit: BBC Bitesize\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003EFood\u0026nbsp; chain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is a chart showing the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eflow of energy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (food) from one organism to the next beginning with a \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eproducer\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExamples:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Emahogany tree\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Ecaterpillar\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;song\u0026nbsp; bird\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;hawk\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Emaize \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;locust \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;lizard \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;snake\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-y_gc1LQluFk\/Uyf9hKfXFeI\/AAAAAAAAC6g\/hzb2a419L3k\/s1600\/food+chain.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"248\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-y_gc1LQluFk\/Uyf9hKfXFeI\/AAAAAAAAC6g\/hzb2a419L3k\/s1600\/food+chain.png\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EA food chain usually starts with a\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003Ephotosynthetic plant\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E, which gains its energy from the Sun.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #e69138;\"\u003E arrows \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eused to link each organism to the next represent the direction of energy flow. They always points towards the ‘eater’, and away from the plant.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe feeding level is known as the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #5f497a;\"\u003Etrophic level\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EPlant are\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003E producers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (they make\/produce food for other organisms).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EAnimals that eat plants are primary \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Econsumers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (a consumer is an ‘eater’). They are also called herbivores.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExaminer’s tips\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMake sure you can write a food chain involving 3 consumers, with the arrows in the correct direction.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EDon’t include the Sun (it is not an organism).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAlways start with the producer on the left of diagram.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPractice labeling each trophic level in your food chain under the organisms (producer, primary consumer, etc.).\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EDon’t waste time drawing plants and animals: this will not get you any extra marks.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ECommon misconceptions \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMarks are often lost when students write out food chains and webs because they draw the arrows the wrong way round or put the chain back-to-front (or both). The following\u0026nbsp; example was seen in a recent paper:\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ejackal \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E sheep \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E grass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThis student is suggesting that grass eats sheep and sheep eat jackals!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4322543520162728138\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/107-food-chains-food-web.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4322543520162728138"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4322543520162728138"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/107-food-chains-food-web.html","title":"#139 Food chain"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s72-c\/food+chain+1.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-6371251229578725020"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:22:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:33:26.431+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#138 Energy flow, energy loss"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s1600\/sun+energy.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s1600\/sun+energy.jpg\" height=\"176\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003ESun\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is the principal source of energy input to biological systems. The Earth receives 2 main types of energy from the Sun: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Elight\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (solar) and\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E heat\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Photosynthetic plants and some bacteria can trap light energy and convert it into \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Echemical \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #45818e;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ENon-cyclical nature of energy flow\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EHeterotrophic organisms obtain their energy by eating plants or animals that have eaten plants. So all organisms, directly or indirectly, get their energy from the Sun. The energy is passed from one organism to another in a food chain but, unlike water and elements such as carbon and nitrogen, \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #365f91; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;\"\u003Eenergy does not return in a cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Energy give out by organisms is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #5f497a; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;\"\u003Elost to the environment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tw4FzxI4GsU\/UygAiGxhryI\/AAAAAAAAC6s\/z27-fqALC7A\/s1600\/energy+flow.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tw4FzxI4GsU\/UygAiGxhryI\/AAAAAAAAC6s\/z27-fqALC7A\/s1600\/energy+flow.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003EEnergy \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Elost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E at each level in the food chain, as in the examples below.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy lost through the process of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Erespiration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (as heat)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy used up for \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Emovement\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (to search for food, find a mate, escape from predators…).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EWarm-blood animals (birds and mammals) maintain a standard \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eblood temperature\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E – they lose heat to the environment.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWarm-blood animals lose heat energy in \u003Cb style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Efaeces \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E urine\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESome of the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Ematerial\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in the organism being eaten is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Enot used\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E by the consumer, for example a locust does not eat the roots of maize, and some of the parts eaten are not digestible.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EEven plants do not make use of all the light energy available to them. This is because some light: \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis reflected off shiny leaves\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis the wrong wavelength for chlorophyll to trap\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Epasses through the leaves without passing through any chloroplasts\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edoes not fall on the leaves.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOn average, about \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003E90% \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eof the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Elost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E at \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eeach level\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in a food chain. This means that in long food chains, very little of the energy entering the chain through the producer is available to the top carnivore. So there tend to be small numbers of top carnivores. The food chain below shows how energy reduces through the chain. It is based on maize obtaining 100 units of energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; maize \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; locust \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; lizard \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;snake\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 100 units \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;10 units \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1 unit \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.1 unit\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOn shorter food chains, less energy is lost.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETry this \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFigure below shows the flow of energy through a complete food chain:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-sRnqjRDRGN8\/UygnXHk_7uI\/AAAAAAAAC78\/rNFzzQOUA28\/s1600\/energy+flow+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-sRnqjRDRGN8\/UygnXHk_7uI\/AAAAAAAAC78\/rNFzzQOUA28\/s1600\/energy+flow+3.jpg\" height=\"324\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E1. a)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003EWhich form of the Sun’s energy is trapped by the producer?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003Eb) Into which energy form is the Sun’s energy converted when it is trapped by the producer?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E2. a)The first consumer has received 6000 units of energy. How many units of energy (X on the figure) have been passed to the second consumer? [1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; b) How many units of energy (Y on the figure) are lost from the third consumer\u0026nbsp;to the decomposers.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[1 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E3. a) Suggest why the proportion of the energy intake which a producer loses to the environment (20%) is smaller than that lost to the environment by a first\u0026nbsp; consumer (30%)\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[2 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; b) Many countries have difficulty in producing enough food for their population.\u0026nbsp; How might it help to overcome this problem if humans were always fed as\u0026nbsp;first consumers, rather than second or third consumers?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; [3 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAnswer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. a) Light (or solar) energy\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;b) Chemical energy \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. a) 1200 units \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; b) 48 units\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E3. \u0026nbsp; a) The consumer may be warm-blooded, so some energy is lost as heat. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EConsumers usually move around to find food, a mate, or escape from predators, which uses up energy, but producers do not move.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; b) Feeding as a first consumer involves eating plants. Less energy is lost to the environment when feeding at this level, so food production is more efficient in terms of energy conservation.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/6371251229578725020\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/106-energy-flow-energy-loss.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/6371251229578725020"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/6371251229578725020"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/106-energy-flow-energy-loss.html","title":"#138 Energy flow, energy loss"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s72-c\/sun+energy.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}}]}});