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Ecosystem pdf"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/biology-igcse.weebly.com\/14-ecosystem.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EThis post on weebly.com\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;\"\u003EClick on the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cstrong style=\"background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;\"\u003EPop-out\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;button on the upper right corner of the pdf file to have full view or click \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/uc?authuser=0\u0026amp;id=0B6BwiBtA43FrMDFUdEtiZldhcUU\u0026amp;export=download\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EHere\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E to \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;\"\u003Edownload\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;\"\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ciframe height=\"868\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/file\/d\/0B6BwiBtA43FrMDFUdEtiZldhcUU\/preview\" width=\"828\"\u003E\u003C\/iframe\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4698334950495784871\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/04\/14-ecosystem-pdf.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4698334950495784871"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4698334950495784871"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/04\/14-ecosystem-pdf.html","title":"14. Ecosystem pdf"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-273208763344284732"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:47:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2015-04-19T17:41:27.342+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Summary"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"# 147 Summary of Ecosystem"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-rUyyjUpMNzA\/Uy0ehhFgBRI\/AAAAAAAADFE\/e3ZLjzjvFGw\/s1600\/ecosystem.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-rUyyjUpMNzA\/Uy0ehhFgBRI\/AAAAAAAADFE\/e3ZLjzjvFGw\/s1600\/ecosystem.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"191\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EEnergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eenters ecosystems in sunlight. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EProducers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (photosynthetic plants) capture some of this energy and transfer it to organic substances such as carbohydrates. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003EConsumers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (animals and fungi) gets their energy by eating producers or other consumers.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThings to remember:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EFood chains \u003C\/b\u003Eand \u003Cb\u003Efood webs\u003C\/b\u003E show how energy flows through an ecosystem. The level at which an organism feeds in a food chain is its trophic level.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy is lost as it passed along food chains.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe \u003Cb\u003Eenergy losses\u003C\/b\u003E in food chains limit the length of the chain, so few food chains have more than five trophic levels.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIt would be more energy-efficient for humans to harvest and eat plant crops, rather than feeding the crops to animals and then eating those.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EPyramids of numbers \u003C\/b\u003Eand pyramids of \u003Cb\u003Ebiomass \u003C\/b\u003Eare ways of showing the relative numbers or biomass at different trophic level in a food chain.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe \u003Cb\u003Ecarbon cycle \u003C\/b\u003Eshows how CO\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Csub style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E from the air is used in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ephotosynthesis \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eto make organic compounds in plants, which are then eaten by animals. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EDecomposers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eobtain their carbon by feeding on dead plants or animals, or on their waist materials. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003ERespiration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E by all organisms returns CO\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Csub style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2 \u003C\/sub\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eto the air.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003ENitrogen\u003C\/b\u003Egas is very inert, and must be fixed (to produce ammonium ions or nitrate ions) before it can be used by living organisms. Some plants have \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Enitrogen-fixing bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in their roots, and other nitrogen-fixing bacteria live freely in the soil. Plants absorb ammonium or nitrate ions and use them to make proteins, which can then be eaten by animals. Decomposers and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #741b47;\"\u003Enitrifying bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E convert proteins to ammonia and nitrates, which can be re-used by plants. Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen gas which is returned to the air.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe \u003Cb\u003Esize of a population\u003C\/b\u003E of organisms is affected by environmental factors such as food \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003Esupply\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Epredation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Edisease\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWhen a resource is in \u003Cb\u003Elimited \u003C\/b\u003Esupply, the growth of a population often shows a \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #741b47;\"\u003Elag\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Ephase, \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eexponential\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E phase, \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000;\"\u003Estationary\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E phase and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Edeath \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Ephase.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EAge pyramids show the structure of a population at one moment in time, and can be used to predict how the population is likely to change in the future. The global \u003Cb\u003Ehuman population\u003C\/b\u003E is increasing, but there is hope that by the end of this century the growth will have slowed significantly.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/273208763344284732\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/115-summary-of-ecosystem.html#comment-form","title":"4 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/273208763344284732"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/273208763344284732"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/115-summary-of-ecosystem.html","title":"# 147 Summary of Ecosystem"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-rUyyjUpMNzA\/Uy0ehhFgBRI\/AAAAAAAADFE\/e3ZLjzjvFGw\/s72-c\/ecosystem.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"4"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-2957311154354703493"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:46:00.001+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:38:13.560+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Population"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#146 Population size, factors affecting the rate of growth"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-P-KfdTpTCfo\/Uyz_U9eNAsI\/AAAAAAAADEQ\/SmCDdRR6-O4\/s1600\/population+size.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-P-KfdTpTCfo\/Uyz_U9eNAsI\/AAAAAAAADEQ\/SmCDdRR6-O4\/s1600\/population+size.gif\" height=\"142\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA \u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Epopulation\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E is a group of organisms of one species, living in the same area at the same time. Factors affecting the rate of population growth include \u003Cb style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Efood supply, predation \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Edisease.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 112%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 7.25pt; margin-top: 4.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 22.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -17.0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 112%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 112%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E1. The rate of growth of a population\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003E depends on: \u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EFood supply\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E – abundant food will enable organisms to breed more successfully to produce more offspring; shortage of food can result in death or force emigration, reducing the population.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EPredation\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E- if there is heavy predation of a population, the breeding rate may not be sufficient to produce enough organisms to replace those eaten, so the population will drop in numbers. There tends to be a time lag in population size change for predators and their pray: as predator numbers increase, prey number drops; and as predator numbers drop, prey numbers rise again (unless there are other limiting factors).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-tv9Ww0mfkAk\/Uyz3GFqQGGI\/AAAAAAAADEA\/MQWthzmsPZY\/s1600\/predator+and+prey.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-tv9Ww0mfkAk\/Uyz3GFqQGGI\/AAAAAAAADEA\/MQWthzmsPZY\/s1600\/predator+and+prey.gif\" height=\"262\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EDisease\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E– this is a particular problem in large populations, because disease can spread easily from one individual to another. Epidemics can reduce population sizes very rapidly.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EUse of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Econtraceptives\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/b\u003E(for humans).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2. Po\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Epu\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: .05pt;\"\u003El\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -.05pt;\"\u003Ea\u003C\/span\u003Etion\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: .35pt;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eg\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003Er\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"\u003Eo\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003Ewth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ein\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3pt;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003Ean\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1.35pt;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003Ee\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"\u003En\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003Ev\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"\u003Ei\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003Er\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003Eo\u003C\/span\u003Enme\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003En\u003C\/span\u003Et with\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1.9pt;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003Elimi\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.15pt;\"\u003Et\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003Ee\u003C\/span\u003Ed\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 1.95pt;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003Er\u003C\/span\u003Eesou\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003Er\u003C\/span\u003Eces\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWhen a limiting factor influences population growth, a sigmoid (S-shaped) curve is created.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EYou need to be able to place the terms \u003Cb\u003El\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eag, log, stationary \u003C\/b\u003Eand \u003Cb style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Edeath phase\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003Eon a graph of population growth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-q3rBVirDI3w\/Uy0EdYy-pbI\/AAAAAAAADEk\/K0711G8M7zE\/s1600\/population+growth+and+limiting+factor.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-q3rBVirDI3w\/Uy0EdYy-pbI\/AAAAAAAADEk\/K0711G8M7zE\/s1600\/population+growth+and+limiting+factor.jpg\" height=\"295\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ELag phase\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E – the new population takes time to settle and mature before breeding begins. When this happens, a doubling of small numbers does not have a big impact on the total populations size, so the line of the graph rises only slowly with time.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ELog (exponential) phase\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E – there are no limiting factors. Rapid breeding in an increasing population causes a significant in numbers. A steady doubling in numbers per unit of time produces a straight line. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EStationary phase\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E – limiting factors, such as shortage of food, cause the rate of reproduction to slow down and there are more deaths in the population. When the birth rate and death rate are equal, the line of the graph becomes horizontal.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EDeath phase \u003C\/b\u003E- as food runs out, more organisms die than are born, so the number in the population drops. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E3. Po\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Epu\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003El\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"\u003Ea\u003C\/span\u003Etion\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.35pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eg\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.1pt;\"\u003Er\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: -0.05pt;\"\u003Eo\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.05pt;\"\u003Ewth\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003Ein\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;the absence of limiting factors \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003EIf there is no limiting factors , there will be \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Eno stationary or death phase\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003E – the log phase will continue upwards, instead of the line leveling off.\u0026nbsp;This has happened with human population growth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EHuman population size has increased exponentially because of improvements on food supply and the development of medicine to control diseases.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EInfant mortality has decreased, while lifer expectancy has increased.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-7xIkOswx3ik\/Uy0TZ4MIp0I\/AAAAAAAADE0\/7NNxMA7LTR4\/s1600\/world_population_growth.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-7xIkOswx3ik\/Uy0TZ4MIp0I\/AAAAAAAADE0\/7NNxMA7LTR4\/s1600\/world_population_growth.jpg\" height=\"445\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.06666667014360428px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003Eopulation growth in developed and developing countries.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003ESuch a \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Erapid increase in population size\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003E has \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Esocial implications\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f;\"\u003E:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease demand for basic resources (food, water, space, medical care, fossil fuels).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease pressures on the environment (more land needed for housing, growing crops, road buildings, more wood for fuel and housing) and more pollution.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Elarger population of young people --\u0026gt; greater demands on education.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Emore old people --\u0026gt; greater demands on healthcare.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #221f1f; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.05pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EAbundant food supplies can leads to more people becoming obese --\u0026gt; greater demands on healthcare (heart disease, diabetes, blindness…). In the long term ---\u0026gt; reduce average life expectant, as poor health becomes a limiting factor.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"letter-spacing: 0.3pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: 112%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.2pt; margin-right: 7.25pt; margin-top: 4.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 22.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -17.0pt;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2957311154354703493\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/114-population-size-factors-affecting.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/2957311154354703493"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/2957311154354703493"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/114-population-size-factors-affecting.html","title":"#146 Population size, factors affecting the rate of growth"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-P-KfdTpTCfo\/Uyz_U9eNAsI\/AAAAAAAADEQ\/SmCDdRR6-O4\/s72-c\/population+size.gif","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-3781271496907112932"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:45:00.001+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:37:41.578+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nutrient cycles"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#145 Effects of combustion of fossil fuels on CO2 level"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-XyEr4mBN6Sg\/UyzoVuLJFII\/AAAAAAAADDg\/Ub9I6kfYQlE\/s1600\/burning_fossil_fuels.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-XyEr4mBN6Sg\/UyzoVuLJFII\/AAAAAAAADDg\/Ub9I6kfYQlE\/s1600\/burning_fossil_fuels.jpg\" height=\"198\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003EPhotosynthesis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Etakes CO\u003Csub\u003E2 \u003C\/sub\u003Eout of the atmosphere and replaces it with O\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E.\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003ERespiration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Ecombustion\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E both do the opposite: they use up O\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E and replace it with CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EThe equations are essentially the same, but reversed:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CQ9gfJ1OpsE\/UyzkZLHc5sI\/AAAAAAAADDU\/BGHt-K_wcJk\/s1600\/O2+CO2+balance.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CQ9gfJ1OpsE\/UyzkZLHc5sI\/AAAAAAAADDU\/BGHt-K_wcJk\/s1600\/O2+CO2+balance.png\" height=\"130\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EIn order for the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere to remain stable, the rates of these processes need to be balanced.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EProcesses that change the equilibrium (balance) include:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ecutting down forests (deforestation) – less photosynthesis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ecombustion of fossil fuel (coal, oil and gas)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincreasing numbers of animals (including humans) – they all respire.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-YjyjECMIyLY\/UyzosFeP-bI\/AAAAAAAADDo\/TzDsxEkc0Ks\/s1600\/sources-of-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-fossil-fuel-combustion.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-YjyjECMIyLY\/UyzosFeP-bI\/AAAAAAAADDo\/TzDsxEkc0Ks\/s1600\/sources-of-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-fossil-fuel-combustion.png\" height=\"245\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAn increase in CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E levels in the atmosphere is thought to contribute to global warming.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-H4B9JdxrbZ0\/Uyzphslr8AI\/AAAAAAAADDw\/cXltW0c05xI\/s1600\/CO2-Temperature.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-H4B9JdxrbZ0\/Uyzphslr8AI\/AAAAAAAADDw\/cXltW0c05xI\/s1600\/CO2-Temperature.gif\" height=\"227\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ECO\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Csub style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E forms a layer in the atmosphere, which traps heat radiation from the Sun.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThis causes a gradual increase in the atmospheric temperature which can:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Emelt polar ice caps, causing flooding of low-lying land\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Echange weather conditions in some countries, increasing flooding or reducing rainfall and changing arable (farm) land to desert\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ecause the extinction of some species that cannot survive at higher temperatures.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/3781271496907112932\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/113-effects-of-combustion-of-fossil.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/3781271496907112932"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/3781271496907112932"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/113-effects-of-combustion-of-fossil.html","title":"#145 Effects of combustion of fossil fuels on CO2 level"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-XyEr4mBN6Sg\/UyzoVuLJFII\/AAAAAAAADDg\/Ub9I6kfYQlE\/s72-c\/burning_fossil_fuels.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-4477996797599049570"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:44:00.001+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:35:43.940+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nutrient cycles"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#144 Nitrogen cycle"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-dzRZljC-Huw\/Uyxi0GBwTXI\/AAAAAAAADDE\/LddgGJxjLz4\/s1600\/nitrogen+cycle+2.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-dzRZljC-Huw\/Uyxi0GBwTXI\/AAAAAAAADDE\/LddgGJxjLz4\/s1600\/nitrogen+cycle+2.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"200\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003ENitrogen\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis essential for the formation of amino acids to make \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eproteins\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E The \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Enitrogen cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E describes the ways in which nitrogen is recycled.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-r9rd-ibNAL8\/UyxdBfVmQNI\/AAAAAAAADCs\/0dleYloQExg\/s1600\/nitrogen+cycle.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-r9rd-ibNAL8\/UyxdBfVmQNI\/AAAAAAAADCs\/0dleYloQExg\/s1600\/nitrogen+cycle.jpg\" height=\"492\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003ENitrogen cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe element nitrogen is a very unreactive gas. Plants are not able to change it into nitrogen compounds, but it is needed to form proteins. Nitrogen compounds become available for plants in the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Esoil \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ein a number of ways, including:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Enitrogen-fixing bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (some plants – legumes such as peas, beans and clover – have roots with nodules that contain these bacteria, so the plant receives a direct source of nitrates)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ebreakdown of dead plants and animals by \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Edecomposers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (bacteria, fungi and invertebrates)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ethe addition of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eartificial fertilizers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E,\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E compost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (decaying plant material) and \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #741b47;\"\u003Emanure\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (decaying animal waste – urine and faeces)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Elightning\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E– its energy causes nitrogen to react with oxygen.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EPlants absorb nitrates into their roots by active uptake. The nitrates are combined with glucose (from photosynthesis) to form \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Eprotein\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Proteins are passed through the food chain as animals eat the plants. When animals digest proteins the amino acids released can be reorganized to form different proteins.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ESome soil bacteria - \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Edenitrifying bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E- break down nitrogen compounds and release nitrogen back into the atmosphere. This is a destructive process, commonly occurring in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Ewaterlogged soil\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Farmers try to keep soil well drained to prevent this happening – a shortage of nitrates in the soil stunts the growth of crop plants. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ENitrates and other ammonium compounds are very \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Esoluble\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, so they are easy leaches out of the soil and can cause pollution. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFarmer can increase the fertility (nitrogen compound concentration) of their soil by:\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eadding artificial fertilisers\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eadding manure or compost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Egrowing leguminous plants, then digging the roots (with their nodules) into the soil.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003ETry this\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe figure below shows the nitrogen cycle.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-iiQ4EqMxfOc\/UyxfWfbWanI\/AAAAAAAADC4\/k_acPlLWZVw\/s1600\/try+this+1.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-iiQ4EqMxfOc\/UyxfWfbWanI\/AAAAAAAADC4\/k_acPlLWZVw\/s1600\/try+this+1.jpg\" height=\"448\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. i) Name the main nitrogen-containing compound found both in plants and in animals. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;ii) Name one nitrogen-containing compound that is present in urine. [1 mark]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;iii) Name the type of organism that causes the changes at A.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;iv) What atmospheric conditions bring about the change at B? \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[1 mark] \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. Using the figure, explain why it is an advantage to have good drainage in most agricultural land. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [4 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EAnswer\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. i) Proteins (or amino acids)\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; ii) Urea or ammonia or uric acid. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; iii) Bacteria\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; iv) Lightning or electrical storms. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. Four points from: \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eaerated soils allow the activity of useful bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eto convert ammonium compounds in to nitrites\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eand to convert nitrites\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Einto nitrates\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Enitrates can be absorbed by plants\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eto allow growth or formation of protein\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ewaterlogged soils encourage denitrifying bacteria\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ewhich break down nitrates into nitrogen\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eso there would be a shortage of nitrates for plants to absorb\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eleading to poor growth.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4477996797599049570\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/112-nitrogen-cycle.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4477996797599049570"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4477996797599049570"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/112-nitrogen-cycle.html","title":"#144 Nitrogen cycle"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-dzRZljC-Huw\/Uyxi0GBwTXI\/AAAAAAAADDE\/LddgGJxjLz4\/s72-c\/nitrogen+cycle+2.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-2366299119695644501"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:42:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:34:27.214+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nutrient cycles"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#143 Nutrient cycles - Carbon and water cycles"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-XcIA_Omu_0M\/UynABzB1FhI\/AAAAAAAADBg\/IoVQVMsqU2c\/s1600\/Carbon-cycle.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-XcIA_Omu_0M\/UynABzB1FhI\/AAAAAAAADBg\/IoVQVMsqU2c\/s1600\/Carbon-cycle.png\" height=\"320\" width=\"306\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EMost of the chemicals that make up living tissue contain \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Ecarbon\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. When organisms die the carbon is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Erecycled\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E so that it can be used by future generations. Four main processes are involved: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ephotosynthesis\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Erespiration\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Edecomposition\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E combustion\u003C\/span\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EA. Carbon cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-btrDoNLmuLU\/UyxWS3XNvfI\/AAAAAAAADCc\/igESwCdafOs\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-btrDoNLmuLU\/UyxWS3XNvfI\/AAAAAAAADCc\/igESwCdafOs\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+3.jpg\" height=\"364\" style=\"cursor: move;\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"font-size: 12.666666984558105px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ECarbon cycle\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. Carbon enters the atmosphere as\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003ECO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Efrom \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Erespiration\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eand \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Ecombustion\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CIDpskqqgvQ\/Uym6ysOqvII\/AAAAAAAADAw\/r8-mdEkOOA0\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+1.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-CIDpskqqgvQ\/Uym6ysOqvII\/AAAAAAAADAw\/r8-mdEkOOA0\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+1.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ECredit: BBC Bitesize\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003ECO\u003Csub\u003E2\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eis absorbed by producers to make \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #741b47;\"\u003Ecarbohydrates\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Ephotosynthesis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-_ugFWR4Pfpo\/Uym8AstuxJI\/AAAAAAAADA8\/wZAnlSZlucg\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+2.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-_ugFWR4Pfpo\/Uym8AstuxJI\/AAAAAAAADA8\/wZAnlSZlucg\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+2.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E3. \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EAnimals\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Efeed on the plant passing the carbon compounds along the food chain. Most of the carbon they consume is exhaled as\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003ECO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;formed during respiration. The\u0026nbsp;animals and plants eventually \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Edie\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-X7UcxiYTdKk\/Uym8WsB_efI\/AAAAAAAADBE\/U7nbBLntxsQ\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+3.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-X7UcxiYTdKk\/Uym8WsB_efI\/AAAAAAAADBE\/U7nbBLntxsQ\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+3.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E4. The dead organisms are eaten by \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Edecomposers \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eand the carbon in their bodies is returned to the atmosphere as\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #a64d79;\"\u003ECO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E. In some conditions\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003Edecomposition \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eis blocked.\u0026nbsp;The plant and animal material may then be available as \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Efossil fuel\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Ein the future for combustion.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-w-bNaiHTiOo\/Uym8kA6a9zI\/AAAAAAAADBM\/2P9LvtG3BYY\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+4.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-w-bNaiHTiOo\/Uym8kA6a9zI\/AAAAAAAADBM\/2P9LvtG3BYY\/s1600\/carbon+cycle+4.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003ECommon misconception\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPlants do not start respiring when they stop photosynthesizing (at night) – they respire all the time, but during the day there is usually a net intake of CO\u003Csub\u003E2 \u003C\/sub\u003Eant out put of O\u003Csub\u003E2.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/sub\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EB. Water cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-R3UBHHxBJKI\/Uyvg9w_mMjI\/AAAAAAAADCE\/_ltMOuskS_4\/s1600\/water+cycle.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-R3UBHHxBJKI\/Uyvg9w_mMjI\/AAAAAAAADCE\/_ltMOuskS_4\/s1600\/water+cycle.png\" height=\"400\" width=\"395\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EWater cycle \u0026nbsp;(credit: BBC Bitesize)\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy from the Sun heats the surface of the Earth.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EPlants release water vapour into the air through \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Etranspiration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWater \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eevaporates\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;from oceans, rivers, lakes and soil. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe warm, moist air rises because it is less \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Edense\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWater vapour\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003Econdenses \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003Einto water droplets as it cools down, forming clouds.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWater droplets get bigger and heavier they begin to fall as rain, snow and sleet (\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eprecipitation), \u003C\/b\u003Edraining into streams, rivers, lakes and sea.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EPlant root take up water by \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eosmosis\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EIn addition, animals lose water to the environment through exhaling and sweating, and in urine and faeces.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETry this\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFigure below shows a diagram of the carbon cycle. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-9xkvp1NdScU\/UyvamWSA0_I\/AAAAAAAADB0\/BPTsCFlLx0M\/s1600\/try+this.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-9xkvp1NdScU\/UyvamWSA0_I\/AAAAAAAADB0\/BPTsCFlLx0M\/s1600\/try+this.jpg\" height=\"441\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ea) Copy and complete the cycle by filling in boxes \u003Cb\u003EA \u003C\/b\u003Eand \u003Cb\u003EB\u003C\/b\u003E. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [2 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eb) On your diagram, label with the letter indicated an arrow that represents the process of:\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ei) combustion – \u003Cb\u003EC \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [1 mark]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eii) decomposition – \u003Cb\u003ED \u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[1 mark]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eiii) photosynthesis – \u003Cb\u003EP \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eiv) respiration –\u003Cb\u003E R \u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAnswer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ea)\u003Cb\u003E A, \u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ecarbon compounds in plants. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; B, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ecarbon compounds in dead plants and animals. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eb) i) \u003Cb\u003EC \u003C\/b\u003Eon arrow between fossil duels and CO\u003Csub\u003E2 \u003C\/sub\u003Ein the air. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; ii) \u003Cb\u003ED\u003C\/b\u003Eon arrow between box B and CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E in the air.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; iii) \u003Cb\u003EP\u003C\/b\u003Eon arrow between CO\u003Csub\u003E2 \u003C\/sub\u003Ein the air and box A.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; iv) \u003Cb\u003ER\u003C\/b\u003Eon arrow between carbon compounds in animals (or box A) and CO\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C\/sub\u003E in the air.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2366299119695644501\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/111-nutrient-cycles-carbon-and-water.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/2366299119695644501"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/2366299119695644501"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/111-nutrient-cycles-carbon-and-water.html","title":"#143 Nutrient cycles - Carbon and water cycles"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-XcIA_Omu_0M\/UynABzB1FhI\/AAAAAAAADBg\/IoVQVMsqU2c\/s72-c\/Carbon-cycle.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-9052927354876526401"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:31:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:34:20.978+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#142 Food chain and energy efficiency "},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s1600\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s1600\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg\" height=\"168\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EIn term of conversations of energy, there is an increased efficiency in supplying green plants\u0026nbsp; as human food and a relative inefficiency in feeding crop plants\u0026nbsp; to animals.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EShort food chains are more efficient than long ones in providing energy to the top consumer. Below are two food chains and energy values for each level in them. Both food chains have a human being as the top consumer.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; maize \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E cow \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E human \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eunit of energy \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;100 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 10\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 1\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;maize \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E human \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Eunit of energy \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;100\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; 10\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETen times more energy is available to the human in the second food chain than in the first. In the second food chain, the human is a herbivore (vegetarian). But eating parts of a cow provide humans with other nutrients, as well as those we gain energy from – it would be very difficult to persuade everyone to become vegetarian for the sake of energy efficiency.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-WveKiEzA8CA\/Uyl2fhsRdXI\/AAAAAAAADAE\/efh5xi9-1DU\/s1600\/food+chain+energy.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-WveKiEzA8CA\/Uyl2fhsRdXI\/AAAAAAAADAE\/efh5xi9-1DU\/s1600\/food+chain+energy.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ESome farmers try to maximize meat production by reducing movement of their animals (keeping them in pens or cages with a food supply) and keeping them warm in winter. This means less stored energy is wasted by the animals.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EWhy food chains\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;usually have fewer than 5 trophic levels?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EAs the energy is passed along the chain, each organism uses some of it. So the further along the chain you go, the less energy there is. The loose of energy along the food chain limits the length of it. There rarely more than 5 links in a chain, because there is not enough energy left to supply the next link. Many food chains only have 3 links.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/9052927354876526401\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/110-food-chain-and-energy-efficiency.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/9052927354876526401"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/9052927354876526401"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/110-food-chain-and-energy-efficiency.html","title":"#142 Food chain and energy efficiency "}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-Bb-b62V775Q\/Uyl3qUgHfTI\/AAAAAAAADAQ\/jNSq0YmGpQ8\/s72-c\/food+chain+energy+4.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-517280893182584544"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:30:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:34:15.488+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#141 Food pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s1600\/food+pyramid.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s1600\/food+pyramid.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Efood pyramid\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E shows the relative sizes of different components at the various trophic levels of a food chain. There are three types of ecological pyramid we use: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Enumbers\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ebiomass\u003C\/span\u003E \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb\u003E \u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIn a food pyramid, each trophic level in a food chain is represented by a horizontal bar, with the width of the bar representing the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Enumber\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E of organisms, the amount of \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Ebiomass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E or the amount of \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #274e13;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E available at that level. The base of the pyramid represents the producer; the second level is the primary consumer; and so non.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003E1. Pyramids of numbers \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA pyramid of numbers shows the \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Erelative number of organisms \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eat each stage of a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EExample 1:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eclover \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E snail \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E thrush \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E hawk\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EClover is a plant and it is the producer in this food chain. Its bar goes at the bottom of the pyramid:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-M-OLXxws82I\/UyljCi2eHqI\/AAAAAAAAC_E\/puf3Vht8dNo\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-M-OLXxws82I\/UyljCi2eHqI\/AAAAAAAAC_E\/puf3Vht8dNo\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EEnergy is lost to the surroundings as we go from one level to the next, so there are fewer organisms at each level in this food chain. A lot of clover is needed to support the snail population. A thrush eats lots of snails, and a hawk eats lots of thrushes, so the population of hawks is very small.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003EOther pyramid shapes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESometimes the pyramid of numbers doesn't look like a pyramid at all. This could happen if the producer is a large plant such as a tree, or if one of the animals is very small. Remember, though, that whatever the situation, the producer still goes at the bottom of the pyramid.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EHere are two examples like this:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExample 2: \u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EOak tree\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EInsects \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EWoodpecker\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-G-cnnwo75nk\/UylkT-zxr8I\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/CbFGMNpVRR4\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers+1.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-G-cnnwo75nk\/UylkT-zxr8I\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/CbFGMNpVRR4\/s1600\/pyramid+of+numbers+1.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003EAn oak tree is very large so many insects can feed on it.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; widows: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ci\u003EExample 3:\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003EGrass \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→ \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003ERabbit \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E→\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFlea\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-S4u_3mb-G_g\/UylkbiERTJI\/AAAAAAAAC_Y\/85hftMaBvNU\/s1600\/pyramid+numbers+2.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-S4u_3mb-G_g\/UylkbiERTJI\/AAAAAAAAC_Y\/85hftMaBvNU\/s1600\/pyramid+numbers+2.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003EFleas are very small and lots of them can feed on a rabbit.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0px; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E2. Pyramids of biomass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESometimes a pyramid of numbers is not the best way to represent a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EIn this case a pyramid of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Ebiomass\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E(the dry mass\u0026nbsp;of an organism) is a better diagram to use. It\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eshows the\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E total mass of organisms \u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-style: italic;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eat each stage of a food chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EIn general, all producers have a higher biomass than the primary consumer, so a pyramid will always be produced.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe total energy (and biomass) present at a lower tier of the pyramid, must be greater than the higher tiers in order to support the energy requirements of the subsequent organisms.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-zzCv3pWvvCM\/UylbJO_ZxDI\/AAAAAAAAC-c\/aZ9fRjUbd8Q\/s1600\/pyramids+of+numbers,+biomass.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-zzCv3pWvvCM\/UylbJO_ZxDI\/AAAAAAAAC-c\/aZ9fRjUbd8Q\/s1600\/pyramids+of+numbers,+biomass.jpg\" height=\"520\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E3. Pyramids of energy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\"\u003EPyramid of energy shows \u003Ci\u003Eamount of\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E energy \u003C\/b\u003Etrapped per unit\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E time \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb style=\"color: #0b5394; font-style: italic;\"\u003E area\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eat each\u003Cb style=\"color: #bf9000; font-style: italic;\"\u003E stage \u003C\/b\u003Eof a \u003Cb style=\"color: #bf9000; font-style: italic;\"\u003Efood chain.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ci style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-j4WQijd8qOM\/UyliDGgpIQI\/AAAAAAAAC-4\/chrLFjYnSG8\/s1600\/Energy+Pyramid.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-j4WQijd8qOM\/UyliDGgpIQI\/AAAAAAAAC-4\/chrLFjYnSG8\/s1600\/Energy+Pyramid.gif\" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EA normal-shaped pyramid is always produced because there is a reduced amount of energy at each successive level.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E* Most of information in this post is taken from\u003C\/i\u003E \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/most%20of%20information%20in%20this%20post%20is%20taken%20from%20bbc%20bitesize\/\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EBBCBitesize\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/517280893182584544\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/109-food-pyramids-of-numbers-biomass.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/517280893182584544"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/517280893182584544"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/109-food-pyramids-of-numbers-biomass.html","title":"#141 Food pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ydAj97VFPdc\/UylgSaYBmAI\/AAAAAAAAC-s\/IkwL_vYx6EA\/s72-c\/food+pyramid.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-8505164215411306225"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:29:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:33:49.739+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"# 140 Food web"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s1600\/food+web+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s1600\/food+web+3.jpg\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003EFood web\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eis a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThese are a more accurate way of showing feeding relationships than food chains, because most animals have more than one food source. For example, in the food webs in figure below, the leopard feeds on baboons and impala.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-7kmbkLBa0rg\/Uyke1oODosI\/AAAAAAAAC8c\/ysS1cCpZQwE\/s1600\/food+web+1.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-7kmbkLBa0rg\/Uyke1oODosI\/AAAAAAAAC8c\/ysS1cCpZQwE\/s1600\/food+web+1.png\" height=\"327\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe leopard can be placed at 2 different trophic levels:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Esecondary consumer (feeding on imlala)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Equaternary or fourth level consumer (feeding on baboons).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ctable align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-aAPA8Rwut_k\/UygGUKoK14I\/AAAAAAAAC7U\/Pq7ok8NNxeU\/s1600\/food+web.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-aAPA8Rwut_k\/UygGUKoK14I\/AAAAAAAAC7U\/Pq7ok8NNxeU\/s1600\/food+web.jpg\" height=\"360\" style=\"cursor: move;\" width=\"400\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"font-size: 12.666666984558105px; padding-top: 4px;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"margin: 0px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAnother example of food web.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFood webs are easily\u0026nbsp;\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eunbalanced\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E, especially if one population of organisms in the web dies or disappears. This may happen for a number of reasons, including:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eover–predation or hunting\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Edisease\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Epollution\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Euse of pesticides\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Elack of food (or other resources)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eemigration.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EFor example, in the food web here, if all the baboons were killed by hunters the leopard would have only impala to eat. So the impala population would decrease. The scorpion population may increase because of less predation by baboons, but if there are more scorpions they will eat more locusts, reducing the locust population, and so on.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETry this\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFigure below shows a food web:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-OES8KG8-ZKQ\/UylwsK_M2YI\/AAAAAAAAC_0\/wk49vERrrLk\/s1600\/try+this+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-OES8KG8-ZKQ\/UylwsK_M2YI\/AAAAAAAAC_0\/wk49vERrrLk\/s1600\/try+this+3.jpg\" height=\"275\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. Select appropriate organisms form the food web to complete each column in the table below. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; [4 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"MsoTableGrid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\"\u003E \u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EConsumer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EProducer   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ECarnivore   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EHerbivore   \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOrganism 1\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 90.9pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"218\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOrganism 2\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"195\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"227\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E  \u003Ctd style=\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"238\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E \u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. Ladybirds eat aphids. A very large number of ladybirds arrive in the habita where these organisms live. Predict some of the possible effects this could have on the organisms in the above food web. \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[6 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAnswer \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Ea)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-XDn1zmQDHJc\/Uym2ACLgMCI\/AAAAAAAADAg\/LnvMA2qnMPY\/s1600\/try+this+5.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-XDn1zmQDHJc\/Uym2ACLgMCI\/AAAAAAAADAg\/LnvMA2qnMPY\/s1600\/try+this+5.png\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eb)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;6 suggestion such as:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in aphids because ladybirds eat aphids\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in ivy because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in wrens because there are fewer aphids to eat\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edecrease in caterpillars because the wrens now have only caterpillars for food\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in oak trees because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in hogweed because there will be fewer aphids feeding\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eincrease in goldfinches because there is more hogweed to eat.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EThere are other possible suggestions.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/8505164215411306225\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/108-food-web.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/8505164215411306225"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/8505164215411306225"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/108-food-web.html","title":"# 140 Food web"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZgQk_yh_Xr8\/UyltBxCTRPI\/AAAAAAAAC_o\/9TMyz5Inang\/s72-c\/food+web+3.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-4322543520162728138"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:28:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2015-11-14T12:59:57.964+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#139 Food chain"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s1600\/food+chain+1.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"154\" src=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s1600\/food+chain+1.png\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003ECredit: BBC Bitesize\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #cc0000;\"\u003EFood\u0026nbsp; chain\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is a chart showing the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Eflow of energy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (food) from one organism to the next beginning with a \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eproducer\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExamples:\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Emahogany tree\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Ecaterpillar\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;song\u0026nbsp; bird\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;hawk\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Emaize \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;locust \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;lizard \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;snake\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-y_gc1LQluFk\/Uyf9hKfXFeI\/AAAAAAAAC6g\/hzb2a419L3k\/s1600\/food+chain.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" height=\"248\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-y_gc1LQluFk\/Uyf9hKfXFeI\/AAAAAAAAC6g\/hzb2a419L3k\/s1600\/food+chain.png\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EA food chain usually starts with a\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #00b050;\"\u003Ephotosynthetic plant\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E, which gains its energy from the Sun.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #e69138;\"\u003E arrows \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eused to link each organism to the next represent the direction of energy flow. They always points towards the ‘eater’, and away from the plant.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EThe feeding level is known as the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #5f497a;\"\u003Etrophic level\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EPlant are\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003E producers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (they make\/produce food for other organisms).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EAnimals that eat plants are primary \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #0b5394;\"\u003Econsumers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (a consumer is an ‘eater’). They are also called herbivores.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EExaminer’s tips\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMake sure you can write a food chain involving 3 consumers, with the arrows in the correct direction.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EDon’t include the Sun (it is not an organism).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EAlways start with the producer on the left of diagram.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000; font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EPractice labeling each trophic level in your food chain under the organisms (producer, primary consumer, etc.).\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #bf9000;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003EDon’t waste time drawing plants and animals: this will not get you any extra marks.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003ECommon misconceptions \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EMarks are often lost when students write out food chains and webs because they draw the arrows the wrong way round or put the chain back-to-front (or both). The following\u0026nbsp; example was seen in a recent paper:\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003Ejackal \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E sheep \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;wingdings\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E grass\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EThis student is suggesting that grass eats sheep and sheep eat jackals!\u003C\/i\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;verdana\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4322543520162728138\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/107-food-chains-food-web.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4322543520162728138"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/4322543520162728138"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/107-food-chains-food-web.html","title":"#139 Food chain"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-Wg3s7fzUkts\/UylQPUeNJeI\/AAAAAAAAC9k\/3aUnpjTCm7o\/s72-c\/food+chain+1.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9164696428389691343.post-6371251229578725020"},"published":{"$t":"2014-04-05T15:22:00.000+07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2014-04-09T17:33:26.431+07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Ecosystem"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Energy flow"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"#138 Energy flow, energy loss"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" trbidi=\"on\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s1600\/sun+energy.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s1600\/sun+energy.jpg\" height=\"176\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EThe \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003ESun\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is the principal source of energy input to biological systems. The Earth receives 2 main types of energy from the Sun: \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003Elight\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (solar) and\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E heat\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Photosynthetic plants and some bacteria can trap light energy and convert it into \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Echemical \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #45818e;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca name='more'\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ENon-cyclical nature of energy flow\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EHeterotrophic organisms obtain their energy by eating plants or animals that have eaten plants. So all organisms, directly or indirectly, get their energy from the Sun. The energy is passed from one organism to another in a food chain but, unlike water and elements such as carbon and nitrogen, \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #365f91; mso-themecolor: accent1; mso-themeshade: 191;\"\u003Eenergy does not return in a cycle\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. Energy give out by organisms is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #5f497a; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;\"\u003Elost to the environment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tw4FzxI4GsU\/UygAiGxhryI\/AAAAAAAAC6s\/z27-fqALC7A\/s1600\/energy+flow.gif\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-tw4FzxI4GsU\/UygAiGxhryI\/AAAAAAAAC6s\/z27-fqALC7A\/s1600\/energy+flow.gif\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003EEnergy \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cb style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red;\"\u003Elost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E at each level in the food chain, as in the examples below.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy lost through the process of \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Erespiration\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (as heat)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EEnergy used up for \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Emovement\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E (to search for food, find a mate, escape from predators…).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EWarm-blood animals (birds and mammals) maintain a standard \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eblood temperature\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E – they lose heat to the environment.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003EWarm-blood animals lose heat energy in \u003Cb style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Efaeces \u003C\/b\u003Eand\u003Cb style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003E urine\u003C\/b\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003ESome of the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Ematerial\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in the organism being eaten is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Enot used\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E by the consumer, for example a locust does not eat the roots of maize, and some of the parts eaten are not digestible.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EEven plants do not make use of all the light energy available to them. This is because some light: \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis reflected off shiny leaves\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Eis the wrong wavelength for chlorophyll to trap\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Epasses through the leaves without passing through any chloroplasts\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003Edoes not fall on the leaves.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOn average, about \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #38761d;\"\u003E90% \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003Eof the \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #b45f06;\"\u003Eenergy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E is \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #134f5c;\"\u003Elost\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E at \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: #351c75;\"\u003Eeach level\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E in a food chain. This means that in long food chains, very little of the energy entering the chain through the producer is available to the top carnivore. So there tend to be small numbers of top carnivores. The food chain below shows how energy reduces through the chain. It is based on maize obtaining 100 units of energy.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; maize \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; locust \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; lizard \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003Eà\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;snake\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Arial\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 100 units \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;10 units \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 1 unit \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.1 unit\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EOn shorter food chains, less energy is lost.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003ETry this \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EFigure below shows the flow of energy through a complete food chain:\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-sRnqjRDRGN8\/UygnXHk_7uI\/AAAAAAAAC78\/rNFzzQOUA28\/s1600\/energy+flow+3.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-sRnqjRDRGN8\/UygnXHk_7uI\/AAAAAAAAC78\/rNFzzQOUA28\/s1600\/energy+flow+3.jpg\" height=\"324\" width=\"640\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;\"\u003E1. a)\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003EWhich form of the Sun’s energy is trapped by the producer?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003Eb) Into which energy form is the Sun’s energy converted when it is trapped by the producer?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E[1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E2. a)The first consumer has received 6000 units of energy. How many units of energy (X on the figure) have been passed to the second consumer? [1 mark]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; b) How many units of energy (Y on the figure) are lost from the third consumer\u0026nbsp;to the decomposers.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[1 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E3. a) Suggest why the proportion of the energy intake which a producer loses to the environment (20%) is smaller than that lost to the environment by a first\u0026nbsp; consumer (30%)\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;[2 marks]\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6pt;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; b) Many countries have difficulty in producing enough food for their population.\u0026nbsp; How might it help to overcome this problem if humans were always fed as\u0026nbsp;first consumers, rather than second or third consumers?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; [3 marks]\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EAnswer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E1. a) Light (or solar) energy\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;b) Chemical energy \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E2. a) 1200 units \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; b) 48 units\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E3. \u0026nbsp; a) The consumer may be warm-blooded, so some energy is lost as heat. \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003EConsumers usually move around to find food, a mate, or escape from predators, which uses up energy, but producers do not move.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; b) Feeding as a first consumer involves eating plants. Less energy is lost to the environment when feeding at this level, so food production is more efficient in terms of energy conservation.\u0026nbsp;\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;Verdana\u0026quot;,\u0026quot;sans-serif\u0026quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/feeds\/6371251229578725020\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/106-energy-flow-energy-loss.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/6371251229578725020"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/9164696428389691343\/posts\/default\/6371251229578725020"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/igbiologyy.blogspot.com\/2014\/03\/106-energy-flow-energy-loss.html","title":"#138 Energy flow, energy loss"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Emma Le"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/15453989436986997525"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"http:\/\/3.bp.blogspot.com\/-qyI_sytd4fw\/UygE3AawWeI\/AAAAAAAAC7A\/biP-ldaTO-o\/s72-c\/sun+energy.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}}]}});